書誌： Congenital Anomalies ,2010

Congenital Anomalies 2010; 50, 58–63

Shuichi Ueda, Kanji Yoshimoto, Taro Kadowaki, Koichi Hirata, and Shin-ichi Sakakibara

ABSTRACT Environmental enrichment (EE) facilitatesrecovery from behavioral abnormalities and spatial memorydisabilities in several neurological disease models. Exposure toEE improves spatial memory acquisition and enhances thesurvival of newly generated cells in the dentate gyri of adultrodents. However, the effects of EE on spatial learning andneurogenesis in the methylazoxymethanol acetate-inducedmicroencephalic rat have not been investigated. Depletionof serotonin in the rat hippocampus is known to influencespatial memory and adult neurogenesis, suggesting a role forserotonin in these processes. To confirm this hypothesis, malemethylazoxymethanol acetate-induced microencephalic ratswere exposed to EE or conventional housing after weaning;half of these rats further received intracisternal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on postnatal day 3, to induce long-lastingdepletion of serotonin. As adults, these microencephalic ratswere observed using the Morris water maze test and examinedfor hippocampal neurogenesis. EE alleviated the impairment ofspatial memory acquisition and enhanced neurogenesis in thedentate gyri of adult microencephalic rats. Injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine during the neonatal period caused pronounced reductions in hippocampal serotonin levels in theserats. Long-lasting depletion of serotonin eliminated theEE-induced alleviation of spatial memory acquisition and neurogenesis impairment in microencephalic rats. The presentresults suggest that EE alleviates spatial memory performancedeficits in microencephalic rats and further indicate that serotonin might be involved in the underlying mechanisms throughincreased hippocampal neurogenesis. These data providenew insights into therapeutic interventions for individualswith human migration disorders associated with learningdisabilities.

Key Words: dentate gyrus, microencephaly, neurogenesis, serotonin, water maze

書誌： Physiology & Behavior ,2012

Physiology & Behavior 105 (2012) 536–543

Cheng-Hsien Lin, Ken Tokizawa , Mayumi Nakamura , Yuki Uchida b, Hisae Mori , Kei Nagashima

We evaluated the effect of plasma hyperosmolality on behavioral thermoregulation in mice, using a new experimental system. The system consisted of Plexiglas box (dimensions: 50 ×12 × 19 cm) with five computercontrolled Peltier boards (dimensions: 10 × 10 cm) at the bottom. Experiments were conducted in two different settings of the system. An operant behavior setting: each board was first set to 39 °C, and the right-endboard was changed to 20 °C for 1 min when a mouse moved to a specific position. A temperature mosaic setting: each board was randomly set to 15 °C, 22 °C, 28 °C, 35 °C, or 39 °C with a 6-min interval, but each boardtemperature was different from the others at a given time point. Mice were injected subcutaneous (s.c.)isotonic or hypertonic saline (154 mM (IS group) or 2,500 mM (HS group), 10 ml/kg body wt), and exposedto either setting for 90 min. In the operant setting, the HS group showed fewer operant behavior countsthan the IS group (11 ±5 and 25 ±4 counts, respectively; Pb0.05) with greater increase in body temperature(1.6 ±0.4 °C vs. 0.0 ±0.2 °C, respectively; Pb0.05). In the mosaic setting, the HS group selected the boardtemperature of 35 °C more frequently than the other temperatures (Pb0.05) with the same increase inbody temperature. These results may suggest that plasma hyperosmolality modulates behavioral thermoregulatory response to heat and induce regulated hyperthermia.

書誌：   European Journal of Sport Science ,2010

Yukako Iida, Makoto Miyazaki & Sunao Uchida (2010). European Journal of Sport Science, 10:3, 151-158. Abstract Using a visual Go/No-go paradigm and subtraction methods, we examined detailed developmental changes in the cognitive reaction times of 153 healthy children aged 612 years. Three conditions were studied: simple reaction, even rate reaction (50% Go), and high rate reaction (80% Go). The subtraction of simple reaction time from even rate reaction time was considered to reflect discrimination time, while the subtraction of simple reaction time from high rate reaction time was considered to reflect the time required for inhibition. We found that simple reaction time, even rate reaction time, and high rate reaction time all declined significantly with months of age (PB0.01). Furthermore, the times for both discrimination and inhibition also showed significant declines (PB0.01), which could be considered developmental changes in neural mechanisms involved in discrimination and inhibition processes. The time for inhibition showed a weaker correlation (PB 0.01), which could indicate that the degree of developmental change is larger for the discriminative processes than for the inhibititory processes required for our task in the age range studied. Keywords: Development, cognitive reaction time, Go/No-go 

書誌：　行動療法研究, 2013

武井優子・尾形明子・平井 啓・小澤美和・盛武 浩・真部 淳・鈴木伸一 (2013), 小児がん患者における病気のとらえ方の検討, 行動療法研究, 39(1), 23－33. 

要約

本研究の目的は，小児がん患者の病気のとらえ方の特徴を明らかにすること，また，個人 の属性によって病気のとらえ方に違いがみられるのかを検討することであった．小児科外来通院 中の 25名の小児がん患者を対象に半構造化面接を実施した結果，病気のとらえ方に関する 11の 構成要素が抽出された．また，患者の属性による違いを検討したところ，「視野，考え方が広がった」「人の痛みが分かるようになった」「貴重な体験だと思う」「病気になったのは仕方がない， 諦めている」の4つの構成要素において， 19歳以上の患者の方がそれ以外の年代の患者よりも 回答頻度が高かった．これらの結果から，小児がん患者は，成長に伴い多角的なとらえ方をする ようになることが示された。

書誌：　 日本音響学会   2013 年春季講演論文集 ,2013

日本人学習者の英語対話における流暢性に関する研究

日本音響学会 2013年春季講演論文集, 1-Q-45c, pp.455-458, Mar. 2013.

○滝沢恵子，菊池英明（早大），大橋浩輝（東大），

市川熹（早大／千葉大），堀内靖雄，黒岩眞吾（千葉大）

書誌： 臨床心理学 ,2013

市倉加奈子・鈴木伸一 (2013), 医療場面への適用, 臨床心理学, 13(2),227-233   

書誌： Neuroscience Letters , 2012

Neuroscience Letters 506 (2012) 79–83

Ken-ichi Hashimoto, Shuichi Ueda, Ayuka Ehara, Shin-ichi Sakakibara, Kanji Yoshimoto, Koichi Hirata

Melatonin has ubiquitous actions, both as a direct free-radical scavenger and as an indirect anti-oxidant.The present study examined in vivo neuroprotective effects of melatonin on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in zitter (zi/zi) rat, which displays abnormal metabolism of superoxide leading to age-relateddegeneration ofthe dopaminergic system. For up to 9months afterweaning, zi/zi rats had ad libitumaccessto drinking water containing melatonin. Chronic treatment with melatonin attenuated the decreases ofdopamine and its metabolite in zi/zi rat caudate-putamen (CPU). Immunohistochemistry for tyrosinehydroxylase (TH) was consistent with neurochemical data in the CPU and demonstrated substantialsparing of the reduction of TH-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to analyze mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatorycytokines (IL-1ˇ and TNF-˛) and the anti-oxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)1 and 2, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1)) in the striatum and midbrain in order to examine the neuroprotective effect of melatonin. IL-1ˇ and TNF-˛ mRNA expressions were significantly increased in bothareas of 3-month-old zi/zi rats, whereas there was a significant decrease in CAT mRNA expression inthe striatum of 6-month-old zi/zi rat as compared to age-matched controls. With the exception of thehigh TNF-˛ mRNA expression in 3-month-old zi/zi midbrains, chronic treatment of melatonin attenuatedexpressional changes of IL-1ˇ, CAT, SOD1, and GPx1. These results suggestthat besides its direct scavengereffects, chronic melatonin treatment provides a neuroprotective effect against dopaminergic degeneration by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulating anti-oxidant enzyme expression.

書誌： Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry , 2010

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 34 (2010) 159–165

Yu Kajiyama, Yoshimi Iijima, Shuichi Chiba, Miyako Furuta, Midori Ninomiya, Aiko Izumi,Shigenobu Shibata, Hiroshi Kunugi

Glucocorticoids are known to cause psychiatric disorders including depression. Prednisolone (PSL) is one of the most widely used synthetic glucocorticoids to treat various medical diseases; however, little is known about PSL-induced behavioral changes and its molecular basis in the brain. Growing evidence has implicated that hippocampal remodeling or damage play a role in the pathogenic effect of glucocorticoids. In this study, mice were administered PSL (50 or 100 mg/kg) or vehicle for 6 or 7 days and subjected to a series of behavioral tests, i.e., open field, elevated plus maze, prepulse inhibition, forced swim, and tail suspension tests. Hippocampal tissues were subject to microarray analysis using the GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (Affymetrix) containing 45,101 probes of transcripts. Increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors assessed with open field, elevated plus maze, and tail suspension tests were observed. Microarray analysis detected 108 transcripts with a fold change of N2.0 or b0.5 in which many cell-death-related genes were found. The microarray data was validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Our results demonstrated that PSL causes anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and suggest that altered gene expressions related to hippocampal remodeling or damage are involved in the effect of PSL on such behaviors.  

☆

☆ 書誌： Brain reserch ,2010   Uchida Y, Tokizawa K, Nakamura M, Mori H, Nagashima K. Estrogenin the medial preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus modulates cold responses in female rats. Brain Res. 2010 Jun 21;1339:49-59.

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the effect of the central administration of estrogen on responses to the cold. Estrogen or cholesterol was applied locally to the medial preoptic nucleus (MPO) or dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) of the hypothalamus in freemoving ovariectomized rats. Forty-eight hours after the application, rats had 2-h exposure

at 10 or 25 °C. Body temperature (Tb) and the tail surface temperature (Ttail) were continuously measured by telemetry and thermography, respectively. The change of Tb at 10 °C from the 25 °C baseline was higher in the estrogen application in the MPO than that in the cholesterol application; however, such difference was not observed in the DMH application. The uncoupling 1 protein mRNA level in the interscapular brown adipose tissue involved in non-shivering thermogenesis was not different between the estrogen and cholesterol applications in the MPO and DMH. Ttail decreased in the cold, which was greater after the estrogen application in the MPO than after the cholesterol application. These results show that estrogen affects the MPO in female rats, changing Tb in the cold. Moreover, suppression of heat loss from the tail may be involved in the mechanism.

書誌：   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS , 2011

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS, Vol. 26 No. 3, June 2011  230-240

Yu Tahara, Makiko Otsuka, Yuta Fuse, Akiko Hirao, and Shigenobu Shibata

Abstract The mammalian circadian clock is known to be entrained by both a  daily light-dark cycle and daily feeding cycle. However, the mechanisms of  feeding-induced entrainment are not as fully understood as those of light entrainment. To elucidate the first step of entrainment of the liver clock, we identified  the circadian clock gene(s) that show both phase advance and acute change of  gene expression during the early term of the daytime refeeding schedule in mice.  The expressions of liver Per2 and Rev-erbα genes were phase-advanced within  1 day of refeeding. Additionally, the upregulation of Per2 mRNA and downregulation of Rev-erbα mRNA were induced within 2 hours, not only by food  intake but also by insulin injection in intact mice. These expression changes by  food intake were not revealed in streptozotocin-treated insulin-deficient mice,  but insulin injection was able to recover the impairment of Per2 and Rev-erbα gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated using an ex vivo luciferase  monitoring system that insulin injection during the daytime causes a phase  advance of liver Per2 expression rhythm in Per2::luciferase knock-in mice. In  embryonic fibroblasts from Per2::luciferase knock-in mice, insulin infusion caused  an acute increase of Per2 gene expression and a similar phase advance of Per2 expression rhythm. Our results indicate that an acute change of Per2 and Rev-erbα gene expression mediated by refeeding-induced insulin secretion is a critical step  mediating the early phase of feeding-induced entrainment of the liver clock.

Key words : insulin action, circadian rhythms, Period2, Bmal1, restricted feeding, food   

書誌：　行動療法研究, 2013

武井 優子・尾形 明子・小澤 美和・盛武 浩・平井 啓・真部 淳・鈴木伸一(2013), 小児がん経験者の病気のとらえ方の特徴と退院後の生活における困難との関連, 行動療法研究, 39(1), 23－33.

要約

本研究の目的は、小児がん患者の病気に対するとらえ方の特徴と、それらが患者の心理社会的問題 や適応とどのような関連があるのかを検討することであった。小児科外来通院中の 21名の小児がん 患者を対象に半構造化面接を実施し、病気に対するとらえ方と退院後の生活における困難について聴取した。また、健康関連 QOL尺度（Peds －QL）を測定した。Fisherの直接確率検定の結果、退院後の生活で経験する困難が病気のとらえ方に影響を及ぼしている可能性が示唆された。また、重回帰分析の結果、前向きなとらえ方が QOLに正の影響を、後ろ向きなとらえ方やあきらめの姿勢が負の影響を及ぼす様相が示唆されたが、統計的には有意ではなかった。今後は、対象者数を増やし、量的検討 を実施していく必要がある。

書誌： Plos One ,2012

M. Sakamoto, N. Moriyama, N. Mizuguchi,T. Muraoka, and K. Kanosue (2012).  Plos One 7, e37061.

Abstract

Excitability of the corticospinal pathway increases during observation of an action. However, how corticospinal excitability changes during observation of sequential actions in the course of acquiring novel skills (observational learning) remains unexplored. To investigate this, we used a previously unpracticed sequence of ten hand postures. Participants were asked to repeat observation and replication of the sequence. This block of observation and replication was repeated 5 times. During observation of a given hand posture (OK sign), motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation were recorded from hand muscles. In experiment 1, the OK sign appeared in the 9th position of the sequence. Almost all participants could replicate the OK sign only at the 5th block of the experiment. MEP amplitude was greater than that in the control, and decreased with the stages. This suggested that during observational learning of sequential hand postures MEP changed with the progress of the learning. To evaluate this idea, we performed two additional experiments. In experiment 2, the OK sign appeared in the 2nd position. Almost all participants replicated the OK sign even in the 1st block. The MEP amplitude did not change across stages. In experiment 3, the OK sign appeared in the 9th position, but the order of other signs was randomized in every stage. Many participants were not able to replicate the OK sign even during the 5th block of the experiment. The MEP amplitude did not change across stages. These results suggest that: (1) During observational learning modulation of corticospinal excitability is associated with the learning process. (2) Corticospinal excitability decreases as learning progresses.

書誌：   European Journal of Neuroscience , 2010

European Journal of Neuroscience Volume 13, Issue 6, pages 1190–1196, March 2010

Hisanori Wakamatsu,Yuko Yoshinobu, Reiko Aida, Takahiro Moriya, Masashi Akiyama1 and Shigenobu Shibata

Abstract Daily restricted feeding entrains the circadian rhythm of mouse clock gene expression in the central nervous system excluding the suprachiasmatic nucleus, as well as in the peripheral tissues such as the liver, lungs, and heart. In addition to entrainment of the clock gene, daily restricted feeding induces a locomotor activity increase 2–3 h before the restricted feeding time. The increase of activity is called the food anticipatory activity (FAA). At present, the mechanisms for restricted feeding-induced entrainment are still unknown. In this review, we describe the role of the central nervous system and peripheral tissues in FAA performance and also in entrainment of clock gene expression.

Key words: chrononutrition, clock gene, food anticipation, hypothalamus, liver. 

書誌： Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology ,2012

Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology Vol. 30, No. 1, February 2012, 77–91

Koichi Negayama, Hiroko Norimatsu, Marguerite Barratt  & Jean-François Bouville

Background: Breastfeeding and weaning are strongly connected with infant–mother mutual autonomy, and hence are good touchstones to examine the characteristics of the mother–child relationship. Comparison of the weaning practicegives a framework to understand characteristics of the mother–infant relationship. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare three industrialisedcountries concerning the relationship between feeding and weaning practicesand its reasons, mother’s perception of child care, and of breast milk and formula. Methods: A questionnaire study on weaning practice was conducted for310 Japanese, 756 French, and 222 American mothers with 4- to 20-month-oldinfants. Results: French mothers expected and had accomplished weaning at anearlier age of the infant, compared to Japanese and American mothers. Perceived insufficiency of breast milk was the leading reason for the termination ofbreastfeeding for Japanese mothers at the earlier stages, whereas back to workwas the more important reason for French mothers. Japanese mothers were morenegative in their image of themselves as mothers, whereas French mothers feltmore burdened by child-care. Japanese mothers who terminated breastfeedingbecause of perceived breast milk insufficiency were also those who were lessmotivated to breastfeed. Conclusion: Weaning is a significant framework tointerpret cultural differences in mother–infant relationship. The perceived insuffi-ciency is interpreted as a solution of conflict between the social pressure tobreastfeed and its burden.

Keywords: weaning; breastfeeding; formula feeding; Japan; France; USA

書誌：電子情報通信学会論文誌,2012

電子情報通信学会論文誌 A Vol. J95–A No. 1 pp. 27–36 宮澤 幸希, 常世 徹, 桝井 祐介, 松尾 智信, 菊池 英明

あらまし 我々は，ユーザが長期間利用し続けたい，対話継続欲求の高い音声対話システムのインタラクションの設計指針を得ることを目指している．従来研究では対話の新奇性を高めるために，話題を増やすなどのアプローチがとられてきたが，継続欲求の観点では十分な評価が行われておらず，有用性に疑問が残る．本研究の目的は，音声対話システムで利用可能な，新奇性によらない対話継続欲求向上の要因を解明することである．第一に人同士の対話を円滑化させる「社会性の高い対話」に着目し，会話分析によって要因を明確化した．第二に，相手の関心を引く「ユーモア表現を含む発話」に着目し，ユーモア発話を行う対話システムを構築して評価実験を行った．その結果，人同士の対話において相手の発話行動を限定しないこと，相手の話を聞いている実感を与えること，システム発話において意外性の高いユーモアを使うことが有効であった．

キーワード 音声対話システム，継続欲求，印象，会話分析，ユーモア 

書誌： 体育学研究 ,2010

竹中 晃二 大場ゆかり 満石 寿 (2010). 体育学研究, 55, 157-168.Abstract The Relapse Prevention Model (RPM) has provided a framework for successful long-term maintenance of some types of health behavior. The purpose of this study was to identify high-risk situations for inducing exercise slip and lapse, which may lead to real relapse, and to clarify the coping strategies in this regard for Japanese regular exercisers, from the viewpoint of the RPM. We examined 677regular exercisers by obtaining open-ended responses about 1) their typical high-risk situations as immediate determinants interfering with their planned exercise, 2) their coping responses to those situations, and 3) subsequent patterns of exercise outcome. High-risk situations included fatigue, bad weather, bad conditioning or injury, work or academic obligation, troubles in personal life, interpersonal relationships, and getting into a groove, although the frequency orders differed according to gender. Females were more aware that interpersonal relationships were associated with a higher incidence of exercise slip and lapse than did males, whereas males identified fatigue as the highest risk. Positive coping strategies as problem solving and behavior strategies as execution of routine work were most commonly employed, and were associated with positive exercise outcome for both females and males. On the otherhand, the usage of negative coping strategies tended to lead to slip and lapse. These results suggest that adoption of coping strategies regarding high-risk situations is associated with exercise outcome, although the effects differ between males and females. These data demonstrate the importance of coping ability or strategy for exercise and suggest that slip and lapse may result from ineffective coping with high-risk situations. These findings confirm and extend previous work on the application of the RPM for examining exercise slip and lapse. Measurement issues and knowledge derived from this study are discussed in relation to future application to real practice.Key words RPM, exercise slip and lapse, exercise adherence, high-risk situations, cognitive and behavioral coping strategies キーワード  RPM ，運動スリップ・ラプス，運動アドヒアランス，ハイリスク状況，認知・行動的対 処方略 

書誌：   Sleep Medicine , 2011

Sleep Medicine 12 (2011) 289–294

Natsuko Sato-Mito, Satoshi Sasaki, Kentaro Murakami, Hitomi Okubo, Yoshiko Takahashi, Shigenobu Shibata, Kazuhiko Yamada, Kazuto Sato, the Freshmen in Dietetic Courses Study II group

Objectives: How human chronotype is correlated to nutrient and food-group intakes and dietary behavior remains to be elucidated. We cross-sectionally examined the association between the midpoint of sleep and these dietary variables in young Japanese women. A calculated halfway point between bedtime and rise time was used as midpoint of sleep. Methods: The subjects were 3304 female Japanese dietetics students aged 18–20 years from 53 institutions in Japan. Dietary intake during the previous month was assessed by a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. The midpoint of sleep was calculated using self-reported bedtimes and rise times. Results: Late midpoint of sleep was significantly negatively associated with the percentage of energy from protein and carbohydrates, and the energy-adjusted intake of cholesterol, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin D, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, rice, vegetables, pulses, eggs, and milk and milk products. It was also significantly positively associated with the percentage of energy from alcohol and fat, and the energy-adjusted intake of noodles, confections, fat and oil, and meat. Furthermore, subjects with a later midpoint of sleep tended to begin meals later, eat for a longer time, skip meals more frequently, and watch TV at meals, not only at breakfast but also at lunch and dinner. Conclusions: The midpoint of sleep is significantly associated with dietary intake of certain nutrients and foods and other dietary behaviors in young Japanese women. This finding may contribute to consider the relationships between chronotype and dietary intakes and behaviors.