書誌：　第20回臨床スポーツ医学会誌，2010

書誌：日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集 ,2012

書誌：日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集 ,2013

書誌： International Journal of Psychophysiology ,2012

Sugaya N, Izawa S, Kimura K, Ogawa N, Yamada KC, Shirotsuki K, Mikami I, Hirata K, Nagano Y, Nomura S, Shimada H. (2012). Int J Psychophysiol. 84(1):39-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.01.006

Objective: In this study, we investigated levels and relative ratios of adrenal hormones (including cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], and DHEA-sulfate [DHEA-S]) and their psychophysiological correlates under acute psychosocial stress in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: Fifty-three college students participated in the study (male: 42, female: 11; mean age: 22.64 years), including 13 individuals with IBS (IBS group) and 40 individuals without IBS (control group). The participants were exposed to a standardized laboratory stressor, which included delivering a speech and performing a mental arithmetic task. We measured subjective stress levels and salivary cortisol, DHEA, and DHEA-S levels at relevant time points before, during, and after the tasks. Results: DHEA-S level and the DHEA-S/DHEA ratio in the IBS group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio in the IBS group was higher than that in the control group throughout the experiment. In the IBS group, the appraisal of a threat was positively correlated with cortisol levels (r=0.61), and the appraisal of controllability was negatively correlated with cortisol levels (r= −0.64) and with the cortisol/DHEA ratio (r=−0.71). The control group showed a significant positive correlation between the appraisal of threat and cortisol levels (r=0.32). Conclusion: The present study indicates that individuals with IBS had lower DHEA-S levels, and that their stressful cognitive appraisals under acute psychosocial stress caused the effects of cortisol to dominate. This adrenal hormone response may be involved in exacerbating abdominal symptoms in individuals with IBS. 

書誌： 体育学研究 ,2010

荒井 弘和,  竹中 晃二 (2010). 体育学研究, Vol. 55, No. 1 P 111-123.Abstract The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the effects of acute exercise on affect, 2)changes in self-efficacy resulting from acute exercise and the relationship between affect and self-efficacy, 3) correlation of factors in the Waseda Affect Scale of Exercise and Durable Activity (WASEDA:Arai et al., 2003) during acute exercise. Thirty-eight university and graduate students were recruited as participants in this study. The parameters measured were 1) exercise-specific affects (WASEDA), 2) pleasure-displeasure (Feeling Scale: Rejeski, 1985), 3) self-efficacy for acute exercise, and 4) Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE: Onodera and Miyashita, 1976). This study employed a 2 (condition)×5(time) format, within a participant factorial design, consisting of three sessions (a trial session, a cycling session, and a control condition). For the cycling session, the participants performed cycling at a RPE intensity of 13 (feeling ``Somewhat hard'') for 20 minutes. Under the control condition, the participants read a book for 20 minutes. The participants then reported their preferred affect and pleasure experienced during cycling in comparison to the control condition. Not only was self-efficacy increased through the exercise task, but also positive affect during the exercise task was related to self-efficacy after exercise. Because correlations of WASEDA factors during exercise were not too high, it was considered that none of the factors in WASEDA were redundant. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that 1) the effects of acute exercise on affect are positive, 2) enhancement of positive affect during exercise is related to higher self-efficacy for acute exercise, and 3) the use of WASEDA is effective for multilateral investigation of affect during acute exercise.Key words positive affect, self-efficacy, mood, correlation of factors, mental healthキーワード肯定的感情，自己効力感，気分，因子間の相関関係，メンタルヘルス   

☆書誌：　体育の科学,2013

書誌：日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集 ,2012

書誌：   Food and  Nutrition Sciences , 2012

Food and  Nutrition Sciences, 2012, J, 40-47

Akiko Hirao, Naoki Furutani, Hiroki Nagahama, Misa Itokawa, Shigenobu Shibata

ABSTRACT Obesity is associated with the production of pro-inflamnmtory cytokines and the refore can lead to worsening of a llergic reactions. Thus, there is cross-talk between obesity and allergic reactions. In this study, we investigated whether the anti-obesity action of fish oil supplementation is involved in the anti-allergic action a lso induced by fish oil.  We observed attenuation of cedar pollen-induced IgE serum increases in two experimental protocols: 15% fish oil supplementation for 8 weeks, which attenuated body weight increases compared with 15% soybean supplementation, and 4% fish oil supplementation for 2 weeks, which did not affect body weight increases compared with  4% soybean or 4% lard supplementation. The fonner but not the latter protocol attenuated sneezing after pollen challenge. Gene expression of TNF-a and IL-13, a Th2 cytokine, was moderately reduced in the trachea and nasal mucosa in mice fed fish oil  supplements. In a third protocol, fish oil was administered for up to IS weeks after a cedar pollen sensitization and chal - lenge-induced increase in IgE levels. These levels decreased following fish oil supplementation but were almost unaffected by soybean oil supplementation. Surprisingly, the IL-13 gene expression level in the nasal mucosa and trachea was higher in the fish oil group than in the soybean oil group. These results suggest that fish oil supplementation before, during, or after antigen sensitization and challenge in mice helped to reduce cedar pollen-induced allergic reactions independent of its anti-obesity action. Fish oil supplementation can also exhibit pro-or anti-inflammatory action against IL-13 expression depending on the experimental protocol.

Keywords: Cytokine; Fish Oil; IgE; Obesity; Pollen Allergy  

書誌： Kansei Engineering International Journal ,2012

MIURA K. & SAITO M.  (2012). Kansei Engineering International Journal 11(1), 1-11.

Abstract:  The objective of this study is to extract dimensions in impressions of colors and fragrances, and to examine their harmonious relationship. Experiment A: One hundred subjects were requested to describe their impressions of eight fragrances, and to select harmonious/disharmonious colors from color charts. Experiment B: One hundred subjects described their impression of 18 colors and each color’s degree of harmonization with each of the eight fragrances. In addition, we combined the results of Experiment A and Experiment B, and conducted several analyses. The factor analysis revealed the MILD factor and CLEAR factor for the dimensions of each fragrance, color, and combination of color and fragrance. The multiple regression analysis revealed the following tendency: the smaller the distance between colors and fragrances on the dimensions, the greater is the rise in harmony; conversely, the greater the distance, the greater is the disharmony.

Keywords:  Color, Fragrance, Harmony, Impression

書誌：   Sleep and Biological Rhythms , 2012

Yuko MORITA, Keiko OGAWA, and Sunao UCHIDA (2012). Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 10: 302–309. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2012.00576.x Abstract The present study examined whether three-ball cascade juggling was improved by sleep. To elucidate sleep functions related to motor memory consolidation, sleep EEG spectral analysis was performed for each recorded sleep stage. Sixteen female college students practiced juggling in the morning, and were tested immediately afterward. Eight of the subjects took a 2-hour nap after practice juggling (nap group), while another 8 stayed awake (control group). Juggling performance was then re-tested in the evening. Juggling performance improved after the 2-hour nap, while subjects in the control group did not show improvement. Slow oscillation, delta wave, and sigma wave EEG spectral power all increased significantly during non-REM sleep, especially during slow wave sleep, after the post-motor learning nap (mNap) compared to an earlier baseline nap that preceded learning the task. Such EEG alterations have been suggested to relate to explicit declarative (hippocampus-dependent) memory consolidation; however, motor learning is considered to rely upon implicit procedural memory. We found that while sleep facilitated the consolidation of motor memory similar to that following real sport activities, the alterations in sleep EEG suggest that the initial motor learning of complex, highly coordinated 3-ball cascade juggling may involve substantial use of explicit memory. Key words: memory consolidation, motor skill learning, nap. 

書誌：   European Journal of Applied Physiology ,2011

Hobara H., Inoue, K., Omuro, K., Muraoka, T., Kanosue K. (2011).  European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111:2195–2201. 

Abstract

Identifying the major determinant of leg stiffness during hopping would be helpful in the development of more effective training methods. Despite the fact that overall leg stiffness depends on a combination of the joint stiffness, it is unclear how the major determinants of leg stiffness are influenced by hopping frequency. The purpose of this study was to identify the major determinant of leg stiffness over a wide range of hopping frequencies. Fourteen well-trained male athletes performed in a place hopping on two legs, at three frequencies (1.5, 2.2 and 3.0 Hz). We determined leg and joint stiffness of the hip, knee and ankle from kinetic and kinematic data. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that knee stiffness could explain more of the variance of leg stiffness than could ankle or hip stiffness at 1.5 Hz hopping. Further, only ankle stiffness was significantly correlated with leg stiffness at both 2.2 and 3.0 Hz, and the standardized regression coefficient of ankle stiffness was higher than that of knee and hip stiffness. The results of the present study suggest that the major determinant of leg stiffness during hopping switches from knee stiffness to ankle stiffness when the hopping frequency is increased.

Keywords Leg spring Spring–mass model  Torsional spring model Training

書誌：   Clinical Neurophysiology , 2012

Masaki H, Murphy TI, Desjardins JA, Segalowitz SJ. (2012). Clin Neurophysiol. 123(4):689-99. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.043. highlights  The error-related negativity (ERN) elicited by both overt and partial errors became larger when the interference was stronger.  Two different stimulus–response compatibility tasks, a spatial Stroop task and a Simon task, were compared, allowing us to systematically vary the strength of the interference effect.  Focusing on the partial EMG that was followed by corrective EMG, it appears that the conflict-related N2 likely co-exists with the ERN in a stronger interference situation. abstract Objective: The present study was aimed at clarifying the effect of stimulus–response compatibility (SRC) interference on the ERN. Methods: We compared ERNs in two tasks differing in the level of interference, an arrow (AR) task classified as a Simon task and a more complex arrow-orientation (AO) task classified as a spatial-Stroop task. We also compared ERNs between partial errors (with initial incorrect movement corrected by a proper full response) and overt (uncorrected) errors. Results: Behavioral response time and error rate indicated that both interference and ERN amplitude were larger for the AO task than for the AR task. There was no significant difference in the ERN amplitude between the partial and overt errors. Conclusions: The ERN becomes larger as a function of the SRC interference. Significance: Our study presented evidence that the ERN may represent response-monitoring associated with the SRC interference.

書誌：   Neuroscience Letters ,2010

Neuroscience Letters 476 (2010) 104–109

Midori Ninomiya, Tadahiro Numakawa, Naoki Adachi, Miyako Furuta, Shuichi Chiba, Misty Richards, Shigenobu Shibata, Hiroshi Kunugi

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is putatively involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The animal model of IUGR induced by synthetic thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is useful to clarify the effect of IUGR on pups’ brains, however, analysis at the cellular level is still needed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which plays a role in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS), may also be associated with schizophrenia. However, the possible relationship between IUGR and BDNF function remains unclear. Here, we examined how IUGR by TXA2 impacts BDNF function by using dissociated cortical neurons. We found that, although BDNF levels in cultured neurons from the cerebral cortex of low birth weight pups with IUGR were unchanged, TrkB (BDNF receptor) was decreased compared with control-rats. BDNF-stimulated MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways, which are downstream intracellular signaling pathways of TrkB, were repressed in IUGR-rat cultures. Expression of glutamate receptors such as GluA1 and GluN2A was also suppressed in IUGR-rat cultures. Furthermore, in IUGR-rat cultures, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 was decreased and BDNF failed to prevent neurons from cell death caused by serum-deprivation. Taken together, IUGR resulted in reductions in cell viability and in synaptic function following TrkB down-regulation, which may play a role in schizophrenia-like behaviors. 

書誌：　小児がん, 2010

武井優子・尾形明子・小澤美和・真部 淳・鈴木伸一 (2010), 小児がん患者が退院後に抱える心理社会的問題に関する研究の現状と課題, 小児がん, 47(1), 84－90.

要旨本研究では，退院後の小児がん患者が抱える心理社会的問題の特徴を明らかにするために，系統的な文献研究を行った。 PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Scienceで検索し，21 本の文献を分析の対象とした。その結果，社会的機能，情動，行動，身体的健康，個人内に関する問題が検討されており，小児がん患者と健常児との比較では一貫した結果が得られていないことが示された。今後は患者の特徴や適応に至るまでのプロセスを考慮して検討していく必要がある。

書誌：   THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY , 2010

THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 285, NO. 43, pp. 33028–33036, October 22, 2010

Eriko Matsumoto, Akinori Ishihara, Saki Tamai, Ayako Nemoto, Katsuro Iwase, Takaki Hiwasa, Shigenobu Shibata, and Masaki Takiguchi

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) plays a central role in transcriptional regulation of genes for hepatic lipid synthesis that utilizes diet-derived nutrients such as carbohydrates and amino acids, and expression of SREBP-1 exhibits daily rhythms with a peak in the nocturnal feeding period under standard housing conditions of mice. Here, we report that the Srebp-1 expression rhythm shows time cue-independent and Clock mutation-sensitive circadian nature, and is synchronized with varied photoperiods apparently through entrainment of locomotor activity and food intake. Fasting caused diminution of Srebp-1 expression, while diabetic db/db and ob/ob mice showed constantly high expression with loss of rhythmicity. Time-restricted feedings during mid-light and mid-dark periods exhibited differential effects, the latter causing more severe damping of the oscillation. Therefore, “when to eat in a day (the light/dark cycle),” rather than “whenever to eat in a day,” is a critical determinant to shape the daily rhythm of Srebp-1 expression. We further found that a high-carbohydrate diet and a high-protein diet, as well as a high-fat diet, cause phase shifts of the oscillation peak into the light period, underlining the importance of “what to eat.” Daily rhythms of SREBP-1 protein levels and Akt phosphorylation levels also exhibited nutrientresponsive changes. Taken together, these findings provide a model for mechanisms by which time of day and nutrients in feeding shape daily rhythms of the Srebp-1 expression and possibly a number of other physiological functions with interindividual and interdaily differences in human beings and wild animals subjected to day-by-day changes in dietary timing and nutrients. 

書誌：   Cogn Process ,2012

Faber PL, Lehmann D, Tei S, Tsujiuchi T, Kumano H, Pascual-Marqui RD, Kochi K. (2012). Cogn Process. 13(3):255-65. doi: 10.1007/s10339-012-0441-4.

Pascal L. Faber • Dietrich Lehmann • Shisei Tei • Takuya Tsujiuchi • Hiroaki Kumano • Roberto D. Pascual-Marqui • Kieko Kochi

Abstract Experienced Qigong meditators who regularlyperform the exercises ‘‘Thinking of Nothing’’ and‘‘ Qigong’’ were studied with multichannel EEG sourceimaging during their meditations. The intracerebral localization of brain electric activity during the two meditationconditions was compared using sLORETA functional EEGtomography. Differences between conditions were assessedusing t statistics (corrected for multiple testing) on thenormalized and log-transformed current density values ofthe sLORETA images. In the EEG alpha-2 frequency, 125voxels differed significantly; all were more active during‘‘ Qigong’’ than ‘‘Thinking of Nothing,’’ forming a singlecluster in parietal Brodmann areas 5, 7, 31, and 40, all inthe right hemisphere. In the EEG beta-1 frequency, 37voxels differed significantly; all were more active during‘‘Thinking of Nothing’’ than ‘‘Qigong,’’ forming a singlecluster in prefrontal Brodmann areas 6, 8, and 9, all in theleft hemisphere. Compared to combined initial–final notask resting, ‘‘Qigong’’ showed activation in posterior areaswhereas ‘‘Thinking of Nothing’’ showed activation inanterior areas. The stronger activity of posterior (right)parietal areas during ‘‘Qigong’’ and anterior (left) prefrontal areas during ‘‘Thinking of Nothing’’ may reflect apredominance of self-reference, attention and input-centered processing in the ‘‘Qigong’’ meditation, and of control-centered processing in the ‘‘Thinking of Nothing’’meditation.

Keywords : Meditation, LORETA, EEG, Qigong, Meditation exercise ‘‘Thinking of Nothing

書誌：　子育て研究3,2013

根ヶ山光一(2013)"子別れと自尊･他尊" 子育て研究 3. 3-7 

書誌： Neuroscience Research , 2010

Neuroscience Research 67 (2010) 33–39

Hiroyuki Ito, Korehito Yamanouchi

To determine sex and regional differences in the properties of serotonin (5-HT) neurons of the raphe nuclei, the responsiveness to parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR and MR) and the nucleus raphe magnus (RMg) was analyzed by counting 5-HTimmunoreactive (5-HT-ir) cells. Gonadectomized male (OCX) and female (OVX) rats were treated with 100 mg/kg b.wt PCPA or saline daily for 4 days. The brains were removed and fixed one day after the last injection. Frozen sections were stained with serotonin antibody and the numbers of 5-HT-ir cells in the raphe nuclei were counted. As a result, in female rats, the densities of 5-HT-ir cells in these 3 raphe nuclei were almost the same when compared the PCPA-treated and saline-treated groups. On the other hand, in male rats, the densities of 5-HT-ir cells in the DR and MR of PCPA-treated rats were lower than in salinetreated rats. In the male RMg, no difference was seen. These results suggest that responsiveness of 5-HT neurons to PCPA in the DR and MR, but not in the RMg, were sexually dimorphic. 

書誌：  Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology  ,2012  

Tanabe S, Kubota S, Itoh N, Kimura T, Muraoka Y, Shimizu A, Kanada Y. (2012). J Med Eng Technol. 36(4):210-6. doi: 10.3109/03091902.2012.666320.   The purpose of present study is to estimate the optimal stimulus intensity envelope for drop foot rehabilitation based on a kinetic perspective. The voluntary and electric stimulated elicited dorsiflexion torque responses of 11 healthy subjects were measured. During dorsiflexion, we recorded the tibialis anterior (TA) electromyography (EMG) or the stimulation intensity at four angles of the ankle joint. From these measurements, we derived two approximate equations that estimate dorsiflexion produced by either voluntary contraction or by electrical stimulation using a sigmoid function and a stepwise-regression analysis. We then tested the predictive capability of the model using Pearson correlation. Both equations indicated high correlation coefficients. Finally, we derived a relation between the TA EMG amplitude and stimulation intensity. From the obtained equation, we determined the optimal stimulus amplitude. We assume that the derived stimulus intensity envelope, calculated from EMG amplitude and angle of ankle joint, satisfies kinetic demand. Keywords: Functional electrical stimulation, Tibialis anterior, Ankle dorsiflexion torque, Drop foot 

書誌：   J Physiol Sci, 2010

Uchida Y, Kano M, Yasuhara S, Kobayashi A, Tokizawa K, Nagashima K. Estrogen modulates central and peripheral responses to cold in female rats. J Physiol Sci. 2010 Mar;60(2):151-60. doi: 10.1007/s12576-009-0079-x.

The aim of this study was to determine whetherestrogen modulates central and peripheral responses to coldin female rats. In ovariectomized female rats with andwithout administered estrogen [E2 (+) and E2 (-),respectively], the counts of cFos-immunoreactive cells inthe medial preoptic nucleus (MPO) and dorsomedialhypothalamic nucleus (DMH) in the hypothalamus weregreater in the E2 (+) rats than in the E2 (-) rats at 5C.Examination of the response of normal female rats toexposure to 5C at different phases of the estrus cyclerevealed that counts of cFos-immunoreactive cells in theMPO, DMH, and posterior hypothalamus and the level ofuncoupling protein 1mRNAin the brown adipose tissuesweregreater in the proestrus phase than on day 1 of the diestrusphase. This result was linked to the level of plasma estrogen.The body temperature during cold exposure was higher in theE2 (+) rats than in the E2 (-) rats and was also higher in theproestrus phase than on day 1 of the diestrus phase.We concludethat estrogen may affect central and peripheral responsesinvolved in thermoregulation in the cold.

Keywords:cFos, Hypothalamus, Sex hormones, Thermoregulation, Uncoupling protein 1