書誌：Journal of electromyofraphy and kinessiology,2 012

T. Yamaguchi, T. Fujiwara, K. Saito, S. Tanabe, Y. Muraoka, Y. Otaka, R. Osu, T. Tsuji,  K. Hase, and M. Liu, 2012. The effect of active pedaling combined with electrical stimulation  on spinal reciprocal inhibition. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, Vol.23, No.1,  190-194

AbstractObjective: Pedaling is widely used for rehabilitation of locomotion because it induces muscle activity very similar to locomotion. Afferent stimulation is important for the modulation of spinal reflexes. Furthermore, supraspinal modulation plays an important role in spinal plasticity induced by electrical stimulation. We, therefore, expected that active pedaling combined with electrical stimulation could induce strong after-effects on spinal reflexes.Design: Twelve healthy adults participated in this study. They were instructed to perform 7 min of pedaling. We applied electrical stimulation to the common peroneal nerve during the extension phase of the pedaling cycle. We assessed reciprocal inhibition using  soleus H-reflex conditioning-test paradigm. The magnitude of reciprocal inhibition was measured before, immediately after, 15 and 30 min after active pedaling alone, electrical stimulation alone and active pedaling combined with electrical stimulation (pedaling + ES).

Results: The amount of reciprocal inhibition was significantly increased after pedaling + ES. The aftereffect of pedaling + ES on reciprocal inhibition was more prominent and longer lasting compared with pedaling or electrical stimulation alone. Conclusions: Pedaling + ES could induce stronger after-effects on spinal reciprocal inhibitory neurons compared with either intervention alone. Pedaling + ES might be used as a tool to improve locomotion and functional abnormalities in the patient with central nervous lesion.

書誌：発達心理学研究 ,2012

平田修三・根ヶ山光一（2012），制度化されたアロケアとしての児童養護施設：貧困の観点から，発達心理学研究（査読あり）， 23/4,460-469

要約

親以外の個体による世話行動は「アロケア」と呼ばれる。本稿では貧困など様 々な理由から生まれた家庭で育つことのできない子どもを社会が養育する仕組 みである社会的養護を「制度化されたアロケア」と捉え，凵本における社会的 養護の主流である児童養護施設で暮らす子ども，および退所者の体験に焦点を当て，その特徴を論じた。そこから見えてきたのは，制度化されたアロケアの機能不全であった。しかし，そうした状況ドにあっても，施設で暮らす子ども・退 所者が当事者団体を立ち上げて互いを癒し，社会に働きかけていくケースがあ ることについても確認され た。こうした当事者団体の活動は，機能不全状態にある社会的養護の現状および社会の認識を変えていく可能性をもっている。現代の日本社会には産むことと育てることの強力な結合の規範が存在するためその実現は容易ではないが，核家族の脆弱性が顕在化しつつあるなかで，成育家族以 外にも多様な養育の形態がありうると認めることはひとつの時代的・社会的要請 であると考えられた。

書誌： Neuromodulation,2012

S. Kubota, S. Tanabe, E. Sugawara, Y. Muraoka, N. Itoh, and Y. Kanada, 2012. Stimulus  Point Distribution in Deep or Superficial Peroneal Nerve for Treatment of Ankle Spasticity.  Neuromodulation, Vol.16, No.3, 251-255

Abstract Objectives: To develop effective electrical stimulation treatment to reduce spasticity, we examined the optimal stimulus point of the common peroneal nerve.Materials and Methods: The locations of selective stimulus points for the deep peroneal nerve or superficial peroneal nerve fiber were examined in 25 healthy subjects in both legs (50 legs) using the ratio of the tibialis anterior (TA) to the peroneus longus (PL) M-wave amplitude (TA/PL ratio). In addition, we measured reciprocal Ia inhibition in ten healthy subjects. The amount of inhibition was determined from short-latency suppression of the soleus (Sol) H-reflex by conditioning stimuli to the deep or superficial peroneal nerve. The paired t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: The mean TA/PL ratio during deep peroneal nerve stimulation was significantly different from superficial peroneal nerve stimulation (p < 0.001). The mean stimulus point for the deep peroneal nerve was located 7 5 mm distal and 3 6 mm anterior from the distal edges of the head of fibula and was markedly different from the stimulus point for the superficial peroneal nerve (20 7 mm distal and 12 8 mm posterior). During deep peroneal nerve stimulation, the mean conditioned H-reflex was depressed to 83.8 10.7% of the unconditioned value of the H-reflex. In contrast, during superficial peroneal nerve stimulation, the mean conditioned H-reflex increased to 105.3 5.2%. These values were significantly different (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: In the present study, we revealed a stimulus area of the deep peroneal nerve. Also, we observed the inhibitory

effects of stimulation upon the deep peroneal nerve at individual stimulus point. Our results appear to indicate that localized

stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve is more useful for the reduction of ankle spasticity.

書誌：   sensors ,2012

“Development of a Compact Wireless Laplacian Electrode Module for Electromyogram and Its Human Interface Applications”Yutaka Fukuoka, Kenji Miyazawa, Hiroki Mori, Manabi Miyagi, Masafumi Nishida, Yasuo Horiuchi, Akira Ichikawa, Hiroshi Hoshino, Makoto, Noshiro, Akinori Ueno,”, Senser, special issue: State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in Japan　2012, Sensers 2013, pp.2368 - 2383, (2013. )

Abstract:In this study, we developed a compact wireless Laplacian electrode module for electromyogram (EMG). One of the advantages of the Laplacian electrode configuration is that EMG obtained with it is expected to be sensitive to the firing of the muscle directly beneath the measurement site. The performance of the developed electrode module was investigated in two human interface applications: character-input interface and detection of finger movement during finger Braille typing. In the former application, the electrode module was combined with an EMG-mouse click converter circuit. In the latter, four electrode modules were used for detection of finger movements during finger Braille typing. Investigation on the character-input interface indicated that characters could be　input stably by contraction of (a) the masseter, (b) trapezius, (c) anterior tibialis and (d) flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. This wide applicability is desirable when the interface is applied to persons with physical disabilities because the disability differs one to another. The investigation also demonstrated that the electrode module can work properly without any skin preparation. Finger movement detection experiments showed that each finger movement was more clearly detectable when comparing to EMG recorded with conventional electrodes, suggesting that the Laplacian electrode module is more suitable for detecting the timing of finger movement during typing. This could be because the Laplacian configuration enables us to record EMG just beneath the electrode. These results demonstrated advantages of the Laplacian electrode module.

書誌： 第28回人工知能学会全国大会 ,2014

田和辻可昌, 村松慶一, 松居辰則:脳機能の定性的記述を用いた人型エージェントに対する情動評価の時系列的変化モデルの提案, 第28回人工知能学会全国大会2014年5月12日, 1E3-1 (2014)

In the research eld of human agent interaction, it is a critical issue that human can feel repulsive against an agent when it looks considerably humanlike, as the unnncay valley. We hypothesized that when human observes a humanlike agent, the observer can perceive it as both human and non-human, and that the contradiction between the two kinds of perception causes negative response toward it. In the experiment, the participants were asked to judge whether faces of humanlike agents or a person was human or not with their eye tracked and their gaze direction estimated. The results indicated that observers had two-steps information processing to the agent, and we proposed a model providing an explanation for how the human negative response emerges with the concept of the dual pathway of emotion. In addition, we proposed the advanced model with the functions of the hippocampus and the striatum added. To verify the model, the transition of emotional value was simulated using the qualitative description for the model.

書誌： Neuroscience Research, 2013

Mizuguchi N, Nakata H, Hayashi T, Sakamoto M, Muraoka T, Uchida Y, Kanosue K. (2013). Neuroscience Research, 76(3): 150-155.

abstract We utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the brain regions activated during motor imagery of an action with an object both with and without passively holding the object. Participants performed the following tasks: (1) ‘Imagery with Ball’ condition: subjects imagined squeezing a foam ball (7 cm diameter) while holding the ball, (2) ‘Imagery’ condition: subjects imagined squeezing a ball without holding the ball, and (3) ‘Ball’ condition: subjects held the ball without motor imagery. Regions activated by the ‘Imagery with Ball’ condition were located in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), supplemental motor areas (SMA), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), superior parietal lobule (SPL), insula, cerebellum and basal ganglia. A direct comparison revealed that the right DLPFC and the right IPL showed a higher level of activation during the ‘Imagery with Ball’ than during the ‘Imagery’ + ‘Ball’ conditions. Our studies suggested that the right front-parietal networks were involved in the motor imagery of an action with an object.

Keywords: Motor imagery, Mental practice, Somatosensory, fMRI, Frontal-parietal circuit, Grasp 

人間科学研究 第25巻 第2号 273-2847（2012）

辻内 琢也, 増田 和高, 永友 春華, 千田 瑛子, 山下 奏, 山口 摩弥, 南雲 四季子, 粟野 早貴, 伊藤 康文, 中上 綾子, 鈴木 勝己, 佐藤 純俊, 井戸川 克隆 

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書誌：早稲田大学臨床心理学研究 ,2014

☆書誌：アレルギー,2014

書誌： Physiological Reports, 2013

Nakagawa　K., Muraoka T. & Kanosue K. (2013). Physiological Reports, 1(5):e00108.

abstract In performing simultaneous rhythmic movements of the ipsilateral hand and foot, there are differences in the level of stability between same directional (stable) and opposite directional (unstable) movements. This is the directional constraint. In this study, we investigated three factors (“interaction in efferent process,” “interaction of afferent signals,” and “error correction”) proposed to underlie for the directional constraint. We compared the performance of three tasks: (1) coordination of actively moved ipsilateral hand and foot, (2) active hand movement in coordination with passively moved foot, (3) active hand movement not coordinated with a passively moved foot. In each task, both same and opposite directional movements were executed. There was no difference between performance estimated with success rate for the first and second task. The directional constraint appeared in both tasks. Thus, the interaction in efferent processes, which was shown to be responsible for the directional constraint in bimanual coordination, was not involved with the directional constraint of ipsilateral hand–foot coordination. The directional constraint did not appear in the third task, which suggested that “interaction of afferent signals” also had no contribution. These results indicated that “error correction” must be the most critical of these factors for mediating the directional constraint in ipsilateral hand–foot coordinated movements. 

Keywords: Hand–foot coordination, interlimb interaction, kinesthesis, motor control 

書誌：The Japanese Journal of Health Psychology,2012

☆ 書誌： Journal of psychiatric reserch ,2012

☆ 書誌：Joutnal of child health care,2014

☆ 書誌：　日本健康教育学会誌，2012

☆書誌：　早稲田大学臨床心理学研究，2014

☆書誌：理学療法科学 ,2014

書誌：行動医学研究 ,2012

☆書誌：   Experimental Brain Research , 2013

Mizuguchi N, Umehara I., Nakata H. & Kanosue K. (2013).  Experimental Brain Research, 230(2):243-249.

Abstract

We investigated whether corticospinal excitability during motor imagery of actions (the power or the pincer grip) with objects was influenced by actually touching objects (tactile input) and by the congruency of posture with the imagined action (proprioceptive input). Corticospinal excitability was assessed by monitoring motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the first dorsal interosseous following transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor cortex. MEPs were recorded during imagery of the power grip of a larger-sized ball (7 cm) or the pincer grip of a smaller-sized ball (3 cm)— with or without passively holding the larger-sized ball with the holding posture or the smaller-sized ball with the pinching posture. During imagery of the power grip, MEPs amplitude was increased only while the actual posture was the same as the imagined action (the holding posture). On the other hand, during imagery of the pincer grip while touching the ball, MEPs amplitude was enhanced in both postures. To examine the pure effect of touching (tactile input), we recorded MEPs during imagery of the power and pincer grip while touching various areas of an open palm with a flat foam pad. The MEPs amplitude was not affected by the palmer touching. These findings suggest that corticospinal excitability during imagery with an object is modulated by actually touching an object through the combination of tactile and proprioceptive inputs.

☆書誌：理学療法科学 ,2014