書誌： Eur J Appl Physiol ,2010
Eur J Appl Physiol (2010) 109:5–11
Kazuyuki Kanosue • Larry I. Crawshaw •Kei Nagashima • Tamae Yoda
Abstract We would like to emphasize about the systeminvolved with homeostatic maintenance of body temperature. First, the primary mission of the thermoregulatorysystem is to defend core temperature (Tcore) against changes in ambient temperature (Ta), the most frequentlyencountered disturbance for the system. Tashould betreated as a feedforward input to the system, which has notbeen adequately recognized by thermal physiologists.Second, homeostatic demands from outside the thermoregulatory system may require or produce an altered Tcore,such as fever (demand from the immune system). There arealso conditions where some thermoregulatory effectorsmight be better not recruited due to demands from otherhomeostatic systems, such as during dehydration or fasting.Third, many experiments have supported the originalassertion of Satinoff that multiple thermoregulatory effectors are controlled by different and relatively independentneuronal circuits. However, it would also be of value to beable to characterize strictly regulatory properties of theentire system by providing a clear definition for the level ofregulation. Based on the assumption that Tcoreis the regulated variable of the thermoregulatory system, regulatedTcoreis defined as the Tcorethat pertains within the range ofnormothermic Ta(Gordon in temperature and toxicology:an integrative, comparative, and environmental approach,CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005), i.e., the Tarange in whichan animal maintains a stable Tcore. The proposed approachwould facilitate the categorization and evaluation of hownormal biological alterations, physiological stressors, andpathological conditions modify temperature regulation. Inany case, of overriding importance is to recognize themeans by which an alteration in Tcore(and modification ofassociated effector activities) increases the overall viabilityof the organism.
Keywords : Core temperature , Ambient temperature, Negative feedback, Feedforward